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Nobel Prize. It is a reward for people for their work in favor of humanity, through their discoveries, their inventions, their literary works, their actions for peace..., created in 1901.

 

Nobel Prize

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize was created according to the last wishes of Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite. When he died, he left an inheritance of 32 million Swedish crowns.

His will, drawn up from 1895, does not provide for any bequest to his direct heirs.

The will

Alfred Nobel requested that an institution be created which would be responsible for rewarding each year people who have rendered great services to humanity in five different fields: peace, literature, chemistry, medicine, and physics.

The will further specifies that the nationality of the (future) prize-winning scholars should play no role in the awarding of the prize. The Nobel Foundation was created in June 1900.

The Value of the Prize

The Nobel Prize winners each receive an amount of 10 million Swedish crowns (more than a million euros), which they dispose of freely, but which generally allows them to continue their research or work without being subjected to financial pressure.

This prize is financed by income from the legacy of Alfred Nobel, who died without children, this heritage being placed in “father of the family” shares.

Reward areas

• Physic's Nobel Price.

• Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

• Nobel Prize in literature.

• Nobel Prize for Peace.

• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

• Nobel Prize in Economics.

Prize Donors

• The Nobel Prizes in physics, chemistry, and economics are awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

• The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded by the Karolinska Institute.

• The Swedish Academy grants the Nobel Prize in Literature.

• A committee chosen by the Norwegian Parliament bestows the Nobel Peace Prize.

The first ceremony for the Prize

The first Nobel Prize ceremony took place at the former Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm on December 10, 1901. From 1902, the prizes were presented by the King of Sweden on December 10 each year.

Nobel Prize for organizations

The Nobel Prize is an award that can also reward organizations, not just individuals.

• In 1917, 1944, and 1963, the International Committee of the Red Cross was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The only organization to win the Nobel Prize three times was the International Committee of the Red Cross.

• 1965 saw UNICEF win the Nobel Peace Prize.

• The IPCC received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007, along with Al Gore.

• On December 10, 2012, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the European Union.

The first Nobel Prize

The first Nobel Peace Prize, in 1901, was awarded jointly to Henry Dunant, founder of the Red Cross, and Frédéric Passy, auditor at the Council of State and ardent peace activist.

 

The most awarded family

• Pierre Curie and Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with Henri Becquerel.

• Marie Curie also received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911.

• Their daughter Irène Joliot-Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with her husband Frédéric Joliot in 1935.

Nobel Prize refused

Jean-Paul Sartre and Boris Pasternak refused the Nobel Prize for Literature. Pasternak did not have authorization to leave the USSR to collect his Nobel Prize and was therefore forced by the Soviet government to refuse it.

Age records

• The youngest person to win the Nobel Prize was Malala Yousafzai at the age of 17 (Nobel Peace Prize in 2014).

• The oldest person to win the Nobel Prize was Leonid Hurwicz at the age of 90 (Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2007).

Nobel Prize in Economics

In 1968, with the agreement of the Nobel Foundation, the Bank of Sweden established the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel, called by misnomer "Nobel Prize in Economics". The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences bestows this Prize.

There is no Nobel Prize in mathematics; the Fields Medal is a similar prize for this field.

Since 1968, it has been decided not to add any new prize categories.