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History of Islam. Islamic history extends from the beginning of the Islamic call after the revelation to the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - and the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina and the rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, after that the Umayyad state, the Abbasid state, the Fatimids, the Ayyubids and the Mamluks and then the control of the Ottoman state, passing through what the Islamic world is experiencing until Our present time.

 

History of Islam

History of Islam

Throughout its various stages of history, Islam has enjoyed many events and matters, and it has been distinguished by many features from others. Because of its connection to the final message that God - Glory be to Him - sent down to His Prophet Muhammad - peace and blessings be upon him -, there were periods in the history of Islam called the golden periods where Sharia, religion, and morals played their main role.

Stages of development of Islamic history

Islamic history went through several stages through which it developed to later emerge as the most powerful empire bearing Islam as its slogan and way of life, including the following:

 

The Dawn of Islam

The history of Islam began in its dawn for humanity when God sent His Prophet Muhammad - may blessings and peace be upon him - to the world. The beginning of his call was in the Quraysh in the Arabian Peninsula, where he called his closest clan, and those who believed believed in him and others disbelieved in him.

The Islamic call has encountered difficulties and hardships. The Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - continued in Mecca for thirteen years, which he devoted to calling people to this religion. After that, the divine command came to the Noble Prophet and the Muslims to migrate to Medina to begin the phase of building the first Islamic state in Medina.

The first Islamic state

The Islamic call in Medina took on a different character, as there was great concern for spreading Islam through prophetic missions by sending companions with letters to kings to invite them to enter Islam. Muslims were also authorized to fight and deter aggressors, so the Holy Prophet prepared armies. This was to spread the Islamic call and protect it. The battles of the Prophet and the Muslims were an example of sacrifice, giving, and giving. Islam quickly spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula and even knocked on the doors of the Levant.

The period of the Rashidun Caliphate

When the Prophet - may the peace and blessings of God be upon him - died, the Muslims gathered to choose a successor from among the senior companions and their sheiks. The opinion settled on choosing Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq for his preference and his precedence in Islam. Al-Siddiq rose to resume spreading the message and empowered it throughout the Arabian Peninsula.

After him comes Omar bin Al-Khattab - may God be pleased with him - and he completes the message and sends armies to conquer the Levant, Iraq, Iran, and then Egypt. After him comes the Caliph Othman bin Affan - may God be pleased with him - and he completes the conquests in Morocco and eastern Iran, then after him is the Caliph - Ali, may God be pleased with him. - Who concluded the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphate with five years, which was an example of justice, even if it was punctuated by many strife in the state.

The Umayyad, Abbasid and Ottoman Caliphates

When the Rashidun Caliphate ended, the Umayyad Caliphate came, which took on a monarchical character, even though it was considered one of the golden ages of Islam. When the conquests were completed and the country expanded, then the Abbasid Caliphate, which lasted for nearly seven hundred years, then the Ottoman Caliphate, which continued until 1923 when the Caliphate was overthrown, so the dream of the return of the Islamic Caliphate became a hope for Muslims everywhere so that Islam and the Muslims would regain their dignity and authority.