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The Quran. It is called in honor, the Noble Qur’an. It is the miraculous book of God among Muslims. They venerate it and believe that it is the word of God, that it was revealed to the Messenger Muhammad for clarification and miracle, that it is preserved in the breasts and lines from every touch or distortion, and that it was transmitted to us by one to one. that its recitation is an act of worship, and that it is the last of the heavenly books After the Books of Abraham, the Psalms, the Torah, and the Gospel.

 

The Quran

The Quran

Muslims believe that the Quran is the miracle of the Prophet Muhammad to the world and that its verses challenge the world to produce something like it or a surah like it. They also consider it evidence of his prophecy, and the culmination of a series of heavenly messages that began, according to Muslim belief, with the Books of Adam, passing through the Books of Abraham, all the way to the Gospel of Jesus.

The importance of the Quran in Islam

Muslims believe that the Holy Qur’an is the last book of God, which was revealed to His Messenger Muhammad. This is why they consider reciting the Qur’an, hearing it, and acting on it all acts of worship through which a Muslim draws closer to God and reassures his heart. They believe that it is the foundation of their civilization and culture, and with it, their renaissance began in all areas of life, religious and worldly.

The Revelation of the Quran

The Quran contains 114 surahs that are classified into Meccan and Medinan according to the place and time of their revelation. Muslims believe that the Qur’an was revealed by God through the tongue of Angel Gabriel to the Prophet Muhammad over approximately 23 years after the Prophet Muhammad reached the age of 40, and until his death in the year 11 AH/632 AD. Muslims also believe that the Qur’an was meticulously memorized by the Companions after the revelation was sent down to the Prophet Muhammad, so he memorized it and recited it to his Companions, and that its verses are precise and detailed, and that it addresses all generations in all centuries, and includes all occasions and encompasses all circumstances.

The first verses revealed

The first revelation to Muhammad was in the Cave of Hira on Mount Al-Nour located near Mecca, on Monday, the 17th of Ramadan, or the 24th of Ramadan, or the 21st of Ramadan, corresponding to August 10, 610 AD, or the 27th of Rajab according to the Shiites. In the narration transmitted from Aisha bint Abu Bakr, confirmed by Imams Al-Bukhari and Muslim, in which the Shiites denied most of what was stated in it, the first revelation that came down was:

 (اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ، خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَق، اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ، الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَم، عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ )

“Read in the name of your Lord who created. 1 He created man from a clot. 2 Recite. And your Lord is the Most Generous. The pen. He taught man what he did not know.

Collection of the Quran

After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, the Qur’an was compiled into a single Qur’an by order of the first caliph Abu Bakr al-Siddiq according to a suggestion from the companion Omar ibn al-Khattab. After the death of the second Caliph, Omar bin Al-Khattab, that copy remained preserved with the Mother of the Believers, Hafsa bint Omar, until the third Caliph, Othman bin Affan, saw the differences between Muslims in the readings due to their different dialects, so he asked Hafsa to allow him to use the Qur’an in her possession, which was written in the Quraysh dialect to be the standard dialect. Othman ordered several copies of the Qur’an to be copied to unify the reading, to destroy anything that contradicted that of the Qur’an, and to distribute those copies to the regions, and he kept a copy of it for himself. These copies are known to date as the Uthmani Qur’an. As a result, the majority of academics affirm that the wording of the Qur'an today is identical to that which was originally compiled by Abu Bakr.

 

Surahs and verses

The Quran is divided into 114 chapters of varying lengths, known as “surahs” and its singular “surah.” These surahs are divided into two parts: Meccan and Medinan. Sharia scholars have divided the surahs of the Qur’an into three sections according to their length, namely: the seven long ones, which are Al-Baqarah, Al-Imran, Al-Nisa’, Al-Ma’idah, Al-An’am, Al-A’raf, and Bara’a. It is called tawal because of its length, and tawal is the plural of length. Al-Mi'un, which comes after the seven long, was called that because each surah of it is more than a hundred verses or close to it. And the double, which is after Al-Mi'un.​

Topics of the Quran

In the context of the Qur’anic text, there are several important rulings related to the performance of worship, the organization of daily life, and transactions between people. For example, it mentions how to perform ablution, whether the person is healthy or sick, and whether water is available or not. It prohibits drinking alcohol, eating pork, adultery, usury, and other matters. In addition to that, several surahs in the Qur’an talk about justice and morals and teach and command virtues. It is stated in Surat Al-Jumu’ah that one of the important goals of the mission of the Prophet Muhammad is to purify souls, raise man, and crystallize good morals in his emotional reality. The Qur’an also magnified the importance of trust and explained its importance, how to treat an orphan, and how to treat parents, wives, neighbors, and children. Surat An-Nisa is also filled with verses that talk about women’s social, marital, and financial rights, which stipulates that the husband must provide for her as long as she is his wife and bound to him by the sacred bond of marriage, and her freedom to choose the husband she wants, and other matters. The Qur’an greatly exalted the status of parents and urged people to take care of them, especially in times of old age, due to the prevalence of incapacity in their condition, and to pray for mercy and forgiveness for them, and it strictly forbade abusing them.

Quranic sciences

Since the beginning of the revelation of the Qur’an and the great preoccupation of Muslims with it and learning it, many sciences and knowledge have branched out around it, some of which aimed to interpret the Qur’an and find out its meanings, and some of which were concerned with the correct way of reciting it and other sciences that were established around the Qur’an and in its service.

Translation of the Quran

Translating the Qur’an into languages other than Arabic was one of the most prominent problems facing Islamic and non-Muslim preachers who did not know Arabic and wanted to read and study this book. Islamic law scholars and some linguists have considered that translating the Qur’an is extremely difficult, and one of the most prominent reasons that prevents this is the eloquence of the Qur’an itself. Classical Arabic is characterized by a wide range of verbal cognates and words whose meanings vary according to their location in the text. The Qur’an is the most eloquent Arabic text, so translating it accurately is extremely difficult.